_id demographic_variable category vote_dem_2024 vote_rep_2024 vote_dem_2020 vote_rep_2020 vote_dem_2018 vote_rep_2018 vote_dem_2016 vote_rep_2016 platform pct_using_platform 1 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Bluesky 6 2 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Facebook 68 3 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Instagram 80 4 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Reddit 48 5 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Snapchat 58 6 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Threads 15 7 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 TikTok 63 8 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 Truth_Social 1 9 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 WhatsApp 37 10 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 X_Twitter 33 11 Age 18-29 58 39 61 35 72 23 58 28 YouTube 95 12 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Bluesky 5 13 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Facebook 80 14 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Instagram 62 15 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Reddit 35 16 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Snapchat 31 17 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Threads 10 18 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 TikTok 44 19 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 Truth_Social 3 20 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 WhatsApp 40 21 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 X_Twitter 25 22 Age 30-49 50 48 55 43 59 38 51 40 YouTube 92 23 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Bluesky 3 24 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Facebook 74 25 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Instagram 40 26 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Reddit 16 27 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Snapchat 13 28 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Threads 6 29 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 TikTok 30 30 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 Truth_Social 5 31 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 WhatsApp 30 32 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 X_Twitter 16 33 Age 50-64 42 56 46 53 50 48 45 51 YouTube 85 34 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Bluesky 2 35 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Facebook 57 36 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Instagram 19 37 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Reddit 6 38 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Snapchat 4 39 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Threads 3 40 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 TikTok 12 41 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 Truth_Social 4 42 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 WhatsApp 20 43 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 X_Twitter 10 44 Age 65+ 48 51 48 52 46 52 44 53 YouTube 64 45 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Bluesky 2 46 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Facebook 71 47 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Instagram 37 48 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Reddit 18 49 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Snapchat 23 50 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Threads 4 51 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 TikTok 32 52 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 Truth_Social 4 53 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 WhatsApp 17 54 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 X_Twitter 17 55 Community Rural 29 69 34 65 38 59 34 59 YouTube 79 56 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Bluesky 5 57 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Facebook 71 58 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Instagram 54 59 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Reddit 30 60 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Snapchat 26 61 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Threads 9 62 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 TikTok 37 63 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 Truth_Social 4 64 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 WhatsApp 34 65 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 X_Twitter 22 66 Community Suburban 51 47 54 44 52 45 45 47 YouTube 87 67 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Bluesky 4 68 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Facebook 71 69 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Instagram 55 70 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Reddit 29 71 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Snapchat 25 72 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Threads 11 73 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 TikTok 42 74 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 Truth_Social 2 75 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 WhatsApp 44 76 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 X_Twitter 23 77 Community Urban 65 33 66 32 73 25 70 24 YouTube 85 78 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Bluesky 6 79 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Facebook 71 80 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Instagram 58 81 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Reddit 37 82 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Snapchat 24 83 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Threads 9 84 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 TikTok 29 85 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 Truth_Social 3 86 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 WhatsApp 41 87 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 X_Twitter 24 88 Education College grad 51 46 56 42 58 41 52 41 YouTube 89 89 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Bluesky 2 90 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Facebook 69 91 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Instagram 41 92 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Reddit 15 93 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Snapchat 24 94 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Threads 7 95 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 TikTok 40 96 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 Truth_Social 3 97 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 WhatsApp 27 98 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 X_Twitter 16 99 Education High school or less 39 59 41 56 47 51 44 51 YouTube 78 100 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Bluesky 4 101 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Facebook 73 102 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Instagram 53 103 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Reddit 28 104 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Snapchat 29 105 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Threads 9 106 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 TikTok 42 107 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 Truth_Social 5 108 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 WhatsApp 29 109 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 X_Twitter 23 110 Education Some college 45 54 49 50 48 49 42 49 YouTube 87 111 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Bluesky 4 112 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Facebook 63 113 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Instagram 44 114 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Reddit 29 115 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Snapchat 22 116 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Threads 8 117 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 TikTok 30 118 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 Truth_Social 4 119 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 WhatsApp 30 120 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 X_Twitter 25 121 Gender Men 43 55 48 50 50 48 41 52 YouTube 86 122 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Bluesky 3 123 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Facebook 78 124 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Instagram 55 125 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Reddit 23 126 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Snapchat 28 127 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Threads 9 128 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 TikTok 42 129 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 Truth_Social 3 130 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 WhatsApp 34 131 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 X_Twitter 16 132 Gender Women 53 46 55 44 58 40 54 39 YouTube 83 133 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Bluesky 8 134 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Facebook 70 135 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Instagram 53 136 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Reddit 32 137 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Snapchat 25 138 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Threads 10 139 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 TikTok 40 140 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 Truth_Social 1 141 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 WhatsApp 38 142 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 X_Twitter 19 143 Party_ID Dem/Lean Dem 94 5 94 4 95 3 89 5 YouTube 85 144 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Bluesky 1 145 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Facebook 72 146 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Instagram 49 147 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Reddit 22 148 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Snapchat 26 149 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Threads 6 150 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 TikTok 33 151 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 Truth_Social 6 152 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 WhatsApp 25 153 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 X_Twitter 24 154 Party_ID Rep/Lean Rep 6 92 6 93 6 91 4 89 YouTube 84 155 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Bluesky 3 156 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Facebook 62 157 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Instagram 58 158 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Reddit 44 159 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Snapchat 19 160 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Threads 12 161 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - TikTok 31 162 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - Truth_Social 6 163 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - WhatsApp 54 164 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - X_Twitter 32 165 Race_Ethnicity Asian 57 40 70 30 73 26 - - YouTube 92 166 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Bluesky 2 167 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Facebook 74 168 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Instagram 54 169 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Reddit 18 170 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Snapchat 29 171 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Threads 18 172 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 TikTok 53 173 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 Truth_Social 2 174 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 WhatsApp 37 175 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 X_Twitter 26 176 Race_Ethnicity Black 83 15 92 8 92 6 91 6 YouTube 85 177 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Bluesky 4 178 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Facebook 74 179 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Instagram 62 180 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Reddit 22 181 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Snapchat 31 182 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Threads 10 183 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 TikTok 57 184 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 Truth_Social 2 185 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 WhatsApp 56 186 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 X_Twitter 23 187 Race_Ethnicity Hispanic 51 48 61 36 72 25 66 28 YouTube 88 188 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Bluesky 4 189 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Facebook 70 190 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Instagram 45 191 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Reddit 27 192 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Snapchat 24 193 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Threads 6 194 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 TikTok 28 195 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 Truth_Social 4 196 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 WhatsApp 23 197 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 X_Twitter 18 198 Race_Ethnicity White 43 55 43 55 46 52 39 54 YouTube 82 199 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Bluesky 200 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Facebook 201 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Instagram 202 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Reddit 203 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Snapchat 204 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Threads 205 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 TikTok 206 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 Truth_Social 207 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 WhatsApp 208 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 X_Twitter 209 Religion Catholic 43 55 50 49 46 52 44 52 YouTube 210 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Bluesky 211 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Facebook 212 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Instagram 213 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Reddit 214 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Snapchat 215 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Threads 216 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 TikTok 217 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 Truth_Social 218 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 WhatsApp 219 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 X_Twitter 220 Religion Other faith 54 42 62 34 66 33 61 33 YouTube 221 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Bluesky 222 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Facebook 223 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Instagram 224 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Reddit 225 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Snapchat 226 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Threads 227 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 TikTok 228 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 Truth_Social 229 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 WhatsApp 230 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 X_Twitter 231 Religion Protestant 36 62 40 59 40 58 39 56 YouTube 232 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Bluesky 233 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Facebook 234 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Instagram 235 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Reddit 236 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Snapchat 237 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Threads 238 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 TikTok 239 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 Truth_Social 240 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 WhatsApp 241 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 X_Twitter 242 Religion Religiously unaffiliated 70 28 71 26 75 22 65 24 YouTube